The authors present an analysis of carbonised macro-remains of processed plants from Franchthi Cave in the Aegean Basin and Shanidar Cave in the Drosophila species also harbour vertically transmitted endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma. Experimental research is generally a quantitative research centered on validating or refuting certain claims on causative relationships of matter. Whilst the principles behind the measurements will be discussed briefly, the emphasis will be on the applications and limitations of this technique in plant ecophysiology. Evidence for the use of plant foods is comparatively limited but is rapidly expanding. The fluid reaches criticality by flowing into a core with a graphite moderator. The spectrum of fluorescence is different to that of absorbed light, with the peak of fluorescence emission being of longer wavelength than that of absorption. Mohan L, Amberkar MV, Kumari M. Ocimum sanctum linn. It displays a dynamic graph with relations between the act and related documents. WebPublisher of over 50 scientific journals across the life, physical, earth, and health sciences, both independently and in partnership with scientific societies including Cell, Neuron, Immunity, Current Biology, AJHG, and the Trends Journals. Kumar A, Shukla R, Singh P, Dubey NK. Tulsi is an aromatic shrub in the basil family Lamiaceae (tribe ocimeae) that is thought to have originated in north central India and now grows native throughout the eastern world tropics. For example, tulsi's distinct clove-like aroma arising from its high eugenol content serves to link the householder to the divine while also repelling mosquitoes, flies and other harmful insects. The aim of this review is to provide a simple, practical guide to chlorophyll fluorescence for those beginners who are interested in applying the technique in both field and laboratory situations. "[13] In the Roadmap update of 2013, the performance and demonstration phases were considerably shifted to later dates, while no targets for the commercialisation phases are set. Broadly, such an increase can occur as a result either of processes that protect the leaf from lightinduced damage or of the damage itself. Dengue fever) by transferring these Wolbachia to disease-vector mosquitoes. [10,11], Tulsi also helps to prevent cancers caused by toxic compounds by reducing DNA damage[12] and inducing apoptosis in precancerous and cancerous cells, thereby reducing the growth of experimental tumors and enhancing survival. Liquid sodium fills the space between the clad elements that make up the fuel assembly. Go over the following examples of experimental research papers. Federal Register 2.0 is the unofficial daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of Federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other presidential documents. Most modern fluorometers use such modulated measuring systems and anyone considering investing in a fluorescence system is strongly advised to select a modulated fluorometer. Bartolom also finds HT TEs follow other relatedness metrics, with D. melanogasterD. Firstly, there is an increase in the rate at which electrons are transported away from PSII; this is due mainly to the lightinduced activation of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism and the opening of stomata. This does not allow a comparison of the absolute rates of photosynthesis between sites, but can be useful when studying samples, such as lichens and bryophytes, whose structure makes them difficult to study with conventional gas exchange. The rest of this review is intended to examine the question of how this theory can be applied to obtain useful information in field and laboratory ecophysiology studies. Shetty S, Udupa S, Udupa L. Evaluation of antioxidant and wound healing effects of alcoholic and aqueous extract of, Goel A, Kumar S, Singh DK, Bhatia AK. It took actual studies and experiments on the human body to curtail the misinformation and improve medical knowledge. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5 (1): 1-7 Cocoa butter is a natural fat that comes from cocoa bean and it gives a creamy softness to the lip balm. A similar approach was used in following diurnal changes in electron transport in loblolly pine trees exposed to elevated CO2, using freeair CO2 enrichment (FACE) (Hymus et al., 1999). WebThe latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing [24][20], The fruitless (fru) gene in Drosophila helps regulate the network for male courtship behavior; when a mutation to this gene occurs altered same sex sexual behavior in males is observed. plutonium(III) chloride, to aid in greater closed-fuel cycle capabilities. A thermal reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses slow or thermal neutrons. Tulsi has also been shown to boost defenses against infective threats by enhancing immune responses in nonstressed and stressed animals[72,73,74,75,76,77] and healthy humans. Protection against butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid induced oxidative stress by Ocimum sanctum extract in mice liver. Manikandan P, Murugan RS, Abbas H, Abraham SK, Nagini S. Ocimum sanctum Linn. Recombination is likely to be a significant source of diversity. Therefore, physicians based their knowledge on the human body on animal dissections. WebBioeconomy INRAE, player in the bioeconomy The bioeconomy is the part of the economy that is focused on the sustainable production and utilisation of biological resources with a view to reducing the quantity of fossil fuels used in the production of food, materials, industrial compounds, and energy limiting loss and waste and promoting ecodesign It is to be built in Belgium with construction expected by 2036. We apologize for any inconvenience and are here to help you find similar resources. [25] Male Drosophila with the fru mutation direct their courtship towards other males as opposed to typical courtship, which would be directed towards females. Anti tuberculosis effect of, Shokeen P, Ray K, Bala M, Tandon V. Preliminary studies on activity of. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. It displays a dynamic graph with relations between the act and related documents. Early in the growing season, the ratio of PSII/CO2 was higher than that seen in unstressed, fully developed leaves, suggesting that electrons were being used in pathways other than CO2 fixation. To determine if alternative photorespiratory pathways could effectively improve C 3 field crop productivity, we tested the performance of three alternative photorespiratory pathways in field-grown tobacco. [7], Drosophila species are found all around the world, with more species in the tropical regions. WebPubMed comprises more than 35 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. From stress to responses: Aluminium-induced signalling in the root apex, Extracellular RNA, mechanisms of secretion and potential functions, dU-adaptor-assembled Tn5-mediated strand-specific RNA-sequencing, Soil variation among natural habitats alters glucosinolate content in a wild perennial mustard, Reference genes for quantitative Arabidopsis single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, About the Society for Experimental Biology, The basis of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, Why does fluorescence yield change? Furthermore, tulsi does not produce the same physical dependence as caffeine and can be safely consumed on a regular basis without the fear of withdrawal effects. The data have been used for many purposes, including evolutionary genome comparisons. Polyandry among the Drosophila pseudoobscura in North America vary in their number of mating partners. They may be able to help you gain a head start in your Most MSR designs are derived from the 1960s Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Anti-inflammatory effect of lyophilized aqueous extract of Ocinum tenuiflorum on rats. Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Experimental studies done some thousand of years ago prove that unrefined apparatus and limited knowledge, we were already trying to answer the questions of the universe. WebITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, iter meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy through a fusion process similar to that of the Sun.Upon completion of construction of the main reactor and first plasma, planned for Connection with nature is profoundly healing and life-affirming; yet, the potential health, emotional, social and cognitive benefits of connection with nature are only just being realized in the west where disconnection from nature and nature deficit are common. About 250 species are part of the genus Scaptomyza, which arose from the Hawaiian Drosophila and later recolonized continental areas. Provided the flash is short enough, no (or a negligible) increase in nonphotochemical quenching occurs and no longterm change in the efficiency of photosynthesis is induced. Experimental research is a trial-and-error with an educated basis. A Skylab experiment studied the effects of gravity and light on Events A and B are correlated when they appear together, but after experimentation, A doesnt necessarily result in B. [28][29][30][31] The benefits include both pre and post copulatory mating. For example, the reactors at Fort St. Vrain Generating Station and HTR-10 are similar to the proposed Gen IV VHTR designs, and the pool type EBR-II, Phnix, BN-600 and BN-800 reactor are similar to the proposed pool type Gen IV SFR designs. WebGeneral Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York state and headquartered in Boston.The company operated in sectors including healthcare, aviation, power, renewable energy, digital industry, additive manufacturing and venture capital and finance, [self-published source] but has Enhancing chloramphenicol and trimethoprim, Parag S, Vijyayshree N, Rami B, Patil B. Antibacterial activity of, Farivar TN, Fard AH, Zahedani SS, Naderi M, Moud BS. [123] Similarly, in human studies, tulsi has been observed to reduce stress, anxiety and depression,[124] with a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study reporting that tulsi significantly improves general stress scores, sexual and sleep problems and symptoms such as forgetfulness and exhaustion.[125]. In spite of the simplicity of the measurements, however, the underlying theory and the interpretation of data remains complex and, in places, controversial. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. SCWRs share the steam explosion and radioactive steam release hazards of BWRs and LWRs as well as the need for extremely expensive heavy duty pressure vessels, pipes, valves, and pumps. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. Metabolic stress due to poor diet, low physical activity and psychological stress is a prominent feature of modern lifestyles and metabolic syndrome is estimated to affect as much as one-third of modern populations. The supercritical water reactor (SCWR)[20] is a reduced moderation water reactor concept. The function of the pheromones is to make the females unattractive to subsequent suitors and thus inhibit courtship by other males. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Devra DK, Mathur KC, Agrawal RP, Bhadu I, Goyal S, Agarwal V. Effect of tulsi (, Kochhar A, Sharma N, Sachdeva R. Effect of supplementation of Tulsi (. Under laboratory conditions, PSII electron transport and CO2 fixation can correlate very well (Genty et al., 1989; Edwards and Baker, 1993). Wani NS, Bhalerao AK, Ranaware VP, Zanje R. Formulation and evaluation of herbal sanitizer. Should We Trust It? [43] Using lead or molten salt coolants mitigates this problem as they are less reactive and have a high freezing temperature and ambient pressure. As babies, we quench our questions by navigating our surroundings with our available senses. While these actions are vitally important for protecting against natural toxins produced within the body or by animals or plants, they are perhaps even more important in the modern age to protect against the vast range of pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, radiation and other industrial toxicants created from human activity. WebDrosophila (/ d r s f l , d r -, d r o-/) is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. Therefore, extensive efforts are made to sequence drosphilid genomes. Such changes are reflected as changes in the level of Fm. A Report on the Movement to Reconnect Children to the Natural World. Archana R, Namasivayam A. This differential reproductive success would cause D. melanogaster to adapt to environmental cycles, because this behavior has a major reproductive advantage.[18]. One pathway used five genes from the Escherichia coli glycolate oxidation pathway; a second pathway used glycolate oxidase and malate Work by, in particular, Strasser and coworkers (Stirbet et al., 1998) has suggested the derivation of a number of different parameters, based on the details of the kinetics of fluorescence rise. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. A study of hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum (Krishna tulas) extracts in chemically induced liver damage in albino mice. In our experiments, we will encounter two or more phenomena, and we might mislabel their connection. The Chinese government began construction of a demonstration HTR-PM 200-MW high temperature pebble bed reactor in 2012 as a successor to its HTR-10.[15]. Samak G, Rao MS, Kedlaya R, Vasudevan DM. The most developed Gen IV reactor design is the sodium fast reactor.It has received the greatest share of funding that supports demonstration facilities, as well Improved safety via features such as ambient pressure operation, automatic passive reactor shutdown, and alternate coolants. The placing of a living tulsi plant at the center of the household, therefore, has applicability beyond the realms of Hinduism and may play a useful role in addressing modern day issues through embodying the healing power of the natural world and serving as a constant connection to living nature. PDF | On Jan 25, 2012, Seyed Y. S. Lisar and others published Water Stress in Plants: Causes, Effects and Responses | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Effect of Ocimum sanctum extract on sodium nitrite-induced experimental amnesia in mice. Generation V reactors are purely theoretical and are not yet considered feasible. [57], The microbiome in the gut can also be transplanted among organisms. These flies also carry genetic information and pass down traits throughout generations, much like their human counterparts. [110,111] Tulsi has also been shown to have anti-ulcer and ulcer-healing activity that has been observed in many different animal models including aspirin-, indomethacin-, alcohol-, histamine-, reserpine-, serotonin-, acetic acid-, meloxicam-, cold restraint-, pyloric ligation- and stress-induced ulceration models. [51] Alternatively, they may protect theirs hosts from infection. These practices include consumption of fresh, minimally processed foods, the use of Rasayanas (formulas) that eradicate ageing and disease, sophisticated detoxification practices and regular consumption of adaptogenic herbs that enhance the body's capacity to maintain balance in the midst of a variety of stressors. However, it is not enough to say A caused B. Islet protective and insulin secretion property of Murraya koenigii and Ocimum tenuflorum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Environmental challenge by natural toxins helped to prepare Drosophilae to detox DDT,[5]:Abstract[5]:1365[5]:1369 by shaping the glutathione S-transferase mechanism[5]:1365[5]:1369 that metabolizes both. A comparative study of different crude extracts of Ocimum sanctum on noise stress. [61][62] In addition to melanin's more commonly known roles in the endoskeleton and in neurochemistry, melanization is one step in the immune responses to some pathogens. This observation was made for two vine species growing in an understorey of a Eucalyptus forest in Australia. Males may congregate at patches of suitable breeding substrate to compete for the females, or form leks, conducting courtship in an area separate from breeding sites. Tulsi tastes hot and bitter and is said to penetrate the deep tissues, dry tissue secretions and normalize kapha and vata. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of, Dharmani P, Kuchibhotla VK, Maurya R, Srivastava S, Sharma S, Palit G. Evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic and ulcer-healing properties of. WebSearch all books, journals and book series published by Springer. Such quenching is referred to as photochemical quenching. HTGR runs on TRi-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel. Singh P, Mittal VK, Gupta SC. Carica papaya fruits consist mostly of water and carbohydrate, low in calories and rich in natural vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamins A and C, ascorbic acid and potassium [4]. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology. SCWRs are basically light water reactors (LWR) operating at higher pressure and temperatures with a direct, once-through heat exchange cycle. MCSFR does away with the graphite moderator. Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 51, Issue 345, April 2000, Pages 659668, No investigation into the photosynthetic performance of plants under field conditions seems complete without some fluorescence data. Hymus GJ, Ellsworth DS, Baker NR, Long SP. Prevention of hepatorenal toxicity of acetaminophen with. There are instances where that relationship isboth correlative and causative. [70], Modern research has revealed that tulsi has anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal activity[71] that includes activity against many pathogens responsible for human infections. Here are reminders on how you could improve your research writing skills. Relative to Gen II-III, Gen IV reactors include: Nuclear reactors do not emit CO2 during operation, although mining and construction typically produce CO2 emissions. The anti-inflammatory action of tulsi, which has been observed in both acute and chronic inflammatory models in animals,[62,63,64,65] is attributed to tulsi's eugenol and linoleic acid content and the inhibition of both the cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. [3,4,5,6] In addition to these health-promoting properties, tulsi is recommended as a treatment for a range of conditions including anxiety, cough, asthma, diarrhea, fever, dysentery, arthritis, eye diseases, otalgia, indigestion, hiccups, vomiting, gastric, cardiac and genitourinary disorders, back pain, skin diseases, ringworm, insect, snake and scorpion bites and malaria.[3,5,6,7]. Development time varies widely between species (between 7 and more than 60 days) and depends on the environmental factors such as temperature, breeding substrate, and crowding. A saturating flash of light is then applied, allowing the measurement of Fm in the darkadapted state ( \(F_{m}^{o}\) ). Experimental research separates science from fiction. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. Mediratta PK, Tanwar K, Reeta KH, Mathur R, Benerjee BD, Singh S, et al. In all cases, high NPQ occurred early in the photoperiod during periods of low temperatures, whilst all cladodes exhibited a midday reduction in NPQ coincident with decarboxylation of malic acid. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Attenuation of the effect of lindane on immune responses and oxidative stress by Ocimum sanctum seed oil (OSSO) in rats. Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on. In contrast, exposed plants of the same species exhibited more closely related lightdependent changes in the deepoxidation state and the rate of thermal dissipation. WebA solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module, PV panel or solar panel is an assembly of photovoltaic solar cells mounted in a (usually rectangular) frame, and a neatly organised collection of PV panels is called a photovoltaic system or solar array.Solar panels capture sunlight as a source of radiant energy, which is converted into electric These studies attest to the ability of tulsi to prevent liver, kidney and brain injury by protecting against the genetic, immune and cellular damage caused by pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. WebFind current and upcoming funding opportunities for your research, as well as research partners, jobs and fellowships. You fill in the order form with your basic requirements for a paper: your academic level, paper type and format, the number of pages and sources, discipline, and deadline. Anti-inflammatory activity of extracted eugenol from. The flow of electrons through PSII is indicative, under many conditions, of the overall rate of photosynthesis. Adaptogen, Ayurveda, holy basil, lifestyle. When the methodology and results are replicable, the study is verifiable by reviewers and critics. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. In Hawaii, the introduction of yellowjackets from mainland United States has led to the decline of many of the larger species. 10+ Experimental Research Examples. [70], The .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium led by Andrew G. Clark, Michael Eisen, Douglas Smith, Casey Bergman, Brian Oliver, Therese Ann Markow, Thomas Kaufman, Manolis Kellis, William Gelbart, Venky Iyer, Daniel Pollard, Timothy Sackton, Amanda Larracuente, Nadia Singh, and including Wojciech Makalowski, Mohamed Noor, Temple F. Smith, Craig Venter, Peter Keightley, and Leonid Boguslavsky among its contributors presents ten new genomes and combines those with previously released genomes for D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura to analyse the evolutionary history and common genomic structure of the genus. No investigation into the photosynthetic performance of plants under field conditions seems complete without some fluorescence data. For another example, an R-SNARE not normally found in synapses can substitute for synaptobrevin. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a related family, which are also called fruit flies (sometimes referred to as "true fruit flies"); tephritids feed primarily on unripe or ripe fruit, with many species being regarded as destructive agricultural pests, especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. It is made of individual particles Instead of rods. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of, Kelm MA, Nair MG, Strasburg GM, DeWitt DL. PSII quantum yield as a proxy measure of photosynthesis, Relating electron transport to carbon fixation, https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.345.659, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Society for Experimental Biology. Its outlet temperature is 850C. [33][34][35][36][37] The female Drosophila has two sperm storage organs, the spermathecae and seminal receptacle, that allows her to choose the sperm that will be used to inseminate her eggs. Development and biological evaluation of herbal anti-acne gel. [38], The GEN IV Forum reframes the reactor safety paradigm from accepting that nuclear accidents can occur and should be mastered to eliminating the possibility of an accident. [1], The first commercial plants are not expected before 20402050,[4] although the World Nuclear Association in 2015 suggested that some might enter commercial operation before 2030.[5]. A relatively greater increase in PSII was observed during sunflecks in a terrestrial CAM bromeliad, as compared to sympatric C3 species within a Panamanian rainforest (Skillman and Winter, 1997). It gives us the potential to estimate photosynthetic performance, under conditions in which other methods would fail, in a manner that is almost instantaneous. Similarly, experimental studies have shown that tulsi helps reduce the effects of acute and chronic noise-induced stress in experimental animals, with enhancement of neurotransmitter and oxidative stress levels in discrete brain regions along with improved immune, ECG and corticosteroid responses.[42,43,44,45]. An alternative way of looking at these processes is in terms of the rate at which they relax following a period of illumination. [53][54][55], Since the Drosophila species is one of the most used model organisms, it was vastly used in genetics. A light to drive photosynthesis (AL) is then applied. Experimental research papers make way for the formation of theories. [28][29][30][31], These lists are not inclusive. WebWelcome to books on Oxford Academic. We face big challenges to help the worlds poorest people and ensure that everyone sees benefits from economic growth. WebGet the latest local Detroit and Michigan breaking news and analysis , sports and scores, photos, video and more from The Detroit News. simulans events being twice as common as either of them D. Ameliorative effect of Ocimum Sanctum on meloxicam induced toxicity in wistar rats. [48][49] Melanin's ability to protect DNA against ionizing radiation has been most extensively demonstrated in Drosophila, including in the formative study by Hopwood et al 1985.[50]. Hypolipidemic efficacy of. The fly has approximately 15,500 genes on its four chromosomes, whereas humans have about 22,000 genes among their 23 chromosomes. This can be partially overcome if absorbance can be measured directly, using an integrating sphere, however, the problem of differences in photosystem stoichiometry remain. We have been conducting experiments for the longest time. Turning off the actinic light (AL), typically in the presence of farred light, allows the zero level fluorescence in the light to be estimated. It is easy to measure but, if experiments are not designed correctly, it can also be impossible to interpret. WebScience is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. In particular, fluorescence can give insights into the ability of a plant to tolerate environmental stresses and into the extent to which those stresses have damaged the photosynthetic apparatus. Suanarunsawat T, Songsak T. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-dyslipidaemic effect of dietary supplement of white Ocimum Sanctum Linnean before and after STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Despite criticisms that this method exists in an ideal world, removed from reality, we cannot downsizeits merits in the search for knowledge. Despite improvements in technology and the evolution of modulated systems, these observations remain valid and changes in Fv/Fm and Fo are still accepted and widely used as reliable diagnostic indicators of photoinhibition (He et al., 1996; Valladares and Pearcy, 1997). Although, as stated above, full deconvolution of NPQ is not normally practical in the field, simple measurements of relaxed Fm can provide insights into plants stress responses. Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts against rogor induced ovarian toxicity in Clarias batrachus Linn. [23][20][21][22] The songs of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans have been studied extensively. [13,14] Furthermore, tulsi not only protects against the damage caused by toxic compounds, but also enables the body to more effectively transform and eliminate them by enhancing the activity of liver detoxification enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which deactivates toxic chemicals and enables them to be safely excreted.[15]. Mondal S, Mirdha BR, Mahapatra SC. These shared problems are inherently more severe for SCWRs due to their higher temperatures. [23] Tulsi has also been shown to protect against the toxic effects of many pharmaceuticals drugs including acetaminophen,[24] meloxicam,[25] paracetamol,[26] haloperidol[27] and anti-tubercular drugs. A number of excellent reviews exist that discuss the theoretical background of both measurement and analysis, however, these are typically written from a biophysicist's or a molecular plant physiologist's point of view (Horton and Bowyer, 1990; Krause and Weis, 1991; Govindjee, 1995). Drosophila species vary widely in their reproductive capacity. The majority of reactors in operation around the world are second generation reactor systems, as the majority of the first generation systems have been retired. To determine if alternative photorespiratory pathways could effectively improve C 3 field crop productivity, we tested the performance of three alternative photorespiratory pathways in field-grown tobacco. Provides general information on energy resources and their environmental effects; how electricity is delivered and used; and related tools and EPA program links. One SCWR design under development is the VVER-1700/393 (VVER-SCWR or VVER-SKD) a Russian SCWR with double-inlet-core and a breeding ratio of 0.95.[26]. Sharmila Banu G, Kumar G, Murugesan AG. Fusion, the nuclear reaction that powers the Sun and the stars, is a promising long-term option for sustainable global energy supply. Many of the physiological benefits of tulsi can be attributed to its ability to assist with the body's internal housekeeping and protection of the body from toxin-induced damage. WebSearch, browse and learn about the Federal Register. WebHistory. These three process occur in competition, such that any increase in the efficiency of one will result in a decrease in the yield of the other two. Like yoga, tulsi has a calming effect that leads to clarity of thought, along with a more relaxed and calm disposition. A measuring light is switched on (MB) and the zero fluorescence level is measured (Fo). [4] Many species, including the noted Hawaiian picture-wings, have distinct black patterns on the wings. Read over 10 million scientific documents on SpringerLink. Search for other works by this author on: Photochemical quenching parameters always relate to the relative value of, \[{\Phi}_{\mathrm{PSII}}{=}{(}{F_{\mathrm{m}}^{{^\prime}}}{-}F_{\mathrm{t}}{)}{/}{F_{\mathrm{m}}^{{^\prime}}}\], \[J{=}{\Phi}_{\mathrm{PSII}}{\times}\mathrm{PDFa}{\times}{(}0.5{)}\]. The higher temperature enables the production of hydrogen by thermochemical processes. After a period of time, another saturating light flash (SP) allows the maximum fluorescence in the light ( \(F_{m}^{{^\prime}}\) ) to be measured. Hence, by measuring the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence, information about changes in the efficiency of photochemistry and heat dissipation can be gained. For the above reasons, measurements of gas exchange, using infrared gas analysers, remain at the heart of studies in plant ecophysiology. Radioprotective effects of ocimum flavonoids on leukocyte oxidants and antioxidants in oral cancer. We can opt for an experimental approach to research when we want to determine if the hypothesized cause follows the expected effect. Application of a saturating flash of light (SP) allows measurement of the maximum fluorescence level \(F_{m}^{o}\) . Effect of Ocimum sanctum on homocysteine levels and lipid profile in healthy rabbits. As in the previous example, a comparison is made relative to measurements in the same leaf, so that differences in absorbance are likely to be insignificant. [45] Low and manageable number of chromosomes make Drosophila species easier to study. The south and westfacing cladodes were subject to a second reduction in photosynthetic efficiency during the afternoon, when incident PFD was maximal on these organs. It is important to note, however, that this measurement can only ever be relative, since light is inevitably lost. Lead has much higher viscosity, much higher density, lower heat capacity, and more radioactive neutron activation products than sodium. Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 51, Issue 345, April 2000, Pages 659668, No investigation into the photosynthetic performance of plants under field conditions seems complete without some fluorescence data. PMC legacy view government site. Biological activities of Ocimum sanctum L. fixed oil--an overview. [44] Human and fruit fly genes are so similar, that disease-producing genes in humans can be linked to those in flies. Regular consumption of tulsi tea may be compared with the regular practice of yoga, which can be considered adaptogenic through nurturing and nourishing the body -- mind -- spirit while fostering a sense of relaxation and wellbeing. In some fields of science, the results of an experiment can be used to generalized a relationship as true for similar, if not all, cases. Commercial portable fluorometers usually incorporate a farred light source, however, the technical problems of darkening the leaf in the field remain. To whom correspondence should be addressed. [26] Loss of the fru mutation leads back to the typical courtship behavior.[26]. ", "Association of polyandry and sex-ratio drive prevalence in natural populations of Drosophila neotestacea", "Rapid diversification of sperm precedence traits and processes among three sibling Drosophila species", "Sperm competitive ability and genetic relatedness in Drosophila melanogaster: similarity breeds contempt", "An analytical framework for estimating fertilization bias and the fertilization set from multiple sperm-storage organs", "Multiple mechanisms of cryptic female choice act on intraspecific male variation in, "How sexual selection can drive the evolution of costly sperm ornamentation", "The National Drosophila Species Stock Center", "Global analysis of RNA-binding protein dynamics by comparative and enhanced RNA interactome capture", "Drosophila a versatile model in biology & medicine", "Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for Alzheimer's disease", "The rhomboid-like superfamily: molecular mechanisms and biological roles", Croatian Radiation Protection Association, "Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila", "Mystery solved: The bacterial protein that kills male fruit flies", "A ribosome-inactivating protein in a Drosophila defensive symbiont", "Generality of toxins in defensive symbiosis: Ribosome-inactivating proteins and defense against parasitic wasps in Drosophila", "Strong responses of Drosophila melanogaster microbiota to developmental temperature", "Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity", "Wolbachia Influences the Production of Octopamine and Affects Drosophila Male Aggression", "Sexual Dimorphisms in Innate Immunity and Responses to Infection in, "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)", "modEncode Comparative Genomics white paper", "Transposable Elements and the Evolution of Insects", "Assembly, Alignment and Annotation of 12, "TaxoDros: The database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drosophila&oldid=1131092078, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles to be expanded from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 14:29. Gholap S, Kar A. Hypoglycaemic effects of some plant extracts are possibly mediated through inhibition in corticosteroid concentration. When those theories become unrefuted for a long time, they can become laws that explain universal phenomena. Your experiment should have a control group with ambient conditions or blank treatments. Tulsi is also credited with giving luster to the complexion, sweetness to the voice and fostering beauty, intelligence, stamina and a calm emotional disposition. Harnessing fusion's power is the goal of ITER, which has been designed as the key experimental step between today's fusion research machines and tomorrow's fusion power plants. The aim of such procedures is to attain a reference level of Fm in which photochemical efficiency is at its maximum and heat dissipation is at a minimum. [39][40], D. melanogaster is a popular experimental animal because it is easily cultured en masse out of the wild, has a short generation time, and mutant animals are readily obtainable. Fluorescence analysis can also be applied to understanding the effects of low and high temperatures. [16], In January 2016, X-energy was awarded a five-year $53million partnership by the United States Department of Energy to advance their reactor development. Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [28][29][30][31] Females mating with multiple sex partners has been a beneficial mating strategy for Drosophila. [23][24], Another design under development is TerraPower's Molten Chloride Fast Reactor. Tulasi (Ocimum Sanctum) as radioprotector in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Agarwal P, Nagesh L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. The Drosophila genome is often compared with the genomes of more distantly related species such as the honeybee Apis mellifera or the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Books from Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Medicine Online, Oxford Clinical Psychology, and Very Short Introductions, as well as the AMA Manual of Style, have all migrated to Oxford Academic.. Read more about books migrating to Oxford Academic.. You can now search across all In providing a focus for ethical, sustainable and ecological farming practices that provides a livelihood for thousands of farmers, the cultivation of tulsi goes beyond providing benefits for individuals and households and begins to address broader social, economic and environmental issues. Vasudevan P, Kashyap S, Sharma S. Bioactive botanicals from basil (, Mediratta PK, Sharma KK, Singh S. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of, Hemalatha R, Babu KN, Karthik M, Ramesh R, Kumar BD, Kumar PU. Evidence from phylogenetic studies suggests these genera arose from within the genus Drosophila:[66][67]. [133] While ecological farming methods are not specific to tulsi, they have been effectively applied to tulsi cultivation by Organic India Pvt. Those such as D. melanogaster that breed in large, relatively rare resources have ovaries that mature 1020 eggs at a time, so that they can be laid together on one site. leaf extract on healthy volunteers. It uses supercritical water as the working fluid. TRISO consists of uranium, carbon, and oxygen sealed in three layers of carbon or ceramics materials to stabilize the eventual waste products. and transmitted securely. Evidence for the use of plant foods is comparatively limited but is rapidly expanding. Goel RK, Sairam K, Dorababu M, Prabha T, Rao CV. The problem of needing to darkadapt leaves also applies when quantifying nonphotochemical quenching. Individual leaves were marked and subsequent measurements made on the same leaves, so ensuring comparability between measurements. A neutron moderator is used to slow the neutrons emitted by fission to make them more likely to be captured by the fuel. WebIndividual subscriptions and access to Questia are no longer available. These and other species (D. subobscura, and from a related genus Zaprionus indianus[12][13][14]) have been accidentally introduced around the world by human activities such as fruit transports. Photoprotective processes with long relaxation times have been related to the presence of zeaxanthin and are thought to occur in the lightharvesting antenna of PSII (Horton et al., 1996). WebDrosophila (/ d r s f l , d r -, d r o-/) is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. As well as changes occurring in the efficiency of photochemistry, the efficiency of heat dissipation (i.e. One pathway used five genes from the Escherichia coli glycolate oxidation pathway; a second pathway used glycolate oxidase and malate Another notable feature of the MSR is the possibility of a thermal spectrum nuclear waste-burner. This is important if we are to find out the relationship between A and B. Go over the following examples of experimental research papers. Our fascination with the unknown lingers to adulthood that some of us build a career out of trying to discover the mysteries of the universe. [42], Drosophila is considered one of the most impeccable genetic model organisms - they have furthered genetic research unlike any other model organisms. Provided the above reservations are borne in mind, PSII can provide useful information concerning photosynthetic performance in the field. [44] As one director of a U.S. research laboratory put it, "fabrication, construction, operation, and maintenance of new reactors will face a steep learning curve: advanced technologies will have a heightened risk of accidents and mistakes. These pebbles do not melt in the reactor, which can run at higher temperatures. SFR fuel expands when the reactor overheats, automatically slowing down the chain reaction, making it passively safe.[33]. The other members of the genus Drosophila also make relatively few giant sperm cells, with that of D. bifurca being the longest. WebIndividual subscriptions and access to Questia are no longer available. The best scientists and researchers started with the basics, too. [109,110] This is supported by experimental evidence that has shown that tulsi can increase wound-breaking strength and accelerate wound healing in laboratory animals. [citation needed], As with many Eukaryotes, this genus is known to express SNAREs, and as with several others the components of the SNARE complex are known to be somewhat substitutable: Although the loss of SNAP-25 - a component of neuronal SNAREs - is lethal, SNAP-24 can fully replace it. WebOur custom writing service is a reliable solution on your academic journey that will always help you if your deadline is too tight. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) potentially can provide high quality process heat. WebBioeconomy INRAE, player in the bioeconomy The bioeconomy is the part of the economy that is focused on the sustainable production and utilisation of biological resources with a view to reducing the quantity of fossil fuels used in the production of food, materials, industrial compounds, and energy limiting loss and waste and promoting ecodesign Children and Nature 2008. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5 (1): 1-7 Cocoa butter is a natural fat that comes from cocoa bean and it gives a creamy softness to the lip balm. When those theories become unrefuted for a long time, they can become laws that explain universal phenomena. Immunomodulating property of, Pavaraj M, Balasubramanian V, Baskaran S, Ramasamy P. Development of immunity by extract of medicinal plant, Chitra G, Krishnaveni N. Immunostimulatory effect of. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyll fluorescence. It has received the greatest share of funding that supports demonstration facilities, as well as two commercial reactors in Russia. We face big challenges to help the worlds poorest people and ensure that everyone sees benefits from economic growth. Tulsi has also been used in cities to combat air pollution and hundreds of thousands of tulsi plants have been planted around the Taj Mahal in Agra to help protect the iconic marble building from environmental pollution damage. Saxena RC, Singh R, Kumar P, Negi MP, Saxena VS, Geetharani P, et al. In Hinduism, tulsi is worshipped as a goddess and every part of the tulsi plant is revered and considered sacred, including the leaves, stem, flower, root, seeds and oil. Uma Devi P, Ganasoundari A, Vrinda B, Srinivasan KK, Unnikrishnan MK. Thakur K, Pitre KS. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. Learn about research projects and results, joint research initiatives and EU action to promote innovation. This and other Drosophila species are widely used in studies of genetics, embryogenesis, chronobiology, speciation, neurobiology, and other areas. WebThe latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing Shyamala AC, Devaki T. Studies on peroxidation in rats ingesting copper sulphate and effect of subsequent treatment with, Bawankule DU, Pal A, Gupta S, Yadav S, Misra A, Rastogi S, et al. The use of tulsi in daily rituals is a testament to Ayurvedic wisdom and provides an example of ancient knowledge offering solutions to modern problems. A review of the scientific literature on the health benefits of connection to nature suggest that access to nature plays a vital role in human health, wellbeing and development that has not been fully recognized,[128] and there is now a global movement to reconnect people with nature that has arisen out of concerns over nature deficit, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, mental health issues, excessive use of electronic media, environmental degradation, wildlife conservation, sustainability and climate change.[129]. Moinuddin G, Devi K, Satish H, Khajuria DK. [59], Drosophila species are prey for many generalist predators, such as robber flies. [30] There is a connection between the number of time females choose to mate and chromosomal variants of the third chromosome. After you have read scholarly articles about the topic, you can start narrowing the focus of your research into a specific topic. Effect of standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Therefore, fluorescence yield can be quantified by exposing a leaf to light of defined wavelength and measuring the amount of light reemitted at longer wavelengths. As commonly envisioned, it would operate on a direct cycle, much like a boiling water reactor (BWR). Learn about research projects and results, joint research initiatives and EU action to promote innovation. The reactor design uses an unmoderated core running on fast neutrons, designed to allow any transuranic isotope to be consumed (and in some cases used as fuel). Healthy parks, healthy people: The health benefits of contact with nature in a park context. Yet, while tea and coffee have infiltrated their way into modern living, they have not yet attained the status that tulsi has within traditional Indian life. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. Research on Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer diet has focused on the consumption of animals. The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR)[20] features a fast-neutron-spectrum lead or lead/bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant with a closed fuel cycle. This set up helps you objectively quantify the relationship between A and B. Like any medicinal plant, optimal cultivation, harvesting, preservation and storage methods are required to preserve tulsi's medicinal value. As a science of life and the world's oldest medical system, Ayurveda has a holistic approach to health and disease that focuses on preserving and promoting good health and preventing disease through healthy lifestyle practices. Similarly, in human clinical trials, tulsi has shown to decrease glucose levels, improve blood pressure and lipid profiles[54,55,56] and reduce many diabetic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes. The empty string is the special case where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string. The nuclear industry (as distinct from the uranium industry) in Canada dates back to 1942 when a joint British-Canadian laboratory, the Montreal Laboratory, was set up in Montreal, Quebec, under the administration of the National Research Council of Canada, to develop a design for a heavy-water nuclear reactor. The SFR fuel is contained in steel cladding. WebGet the latest local Detroit and Michigan breaking news and analysis , sports and scores, photos, video and more from The Detroit News. WebGeneration IV reactors (Gen IV) are six nuclear reactor designs recognized by the Generation IV International Forum. As the lightest element of the boron group it has three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds such as boric acid, the mineral sodium borate, and FOIA Panda VS, Naik SR. Using that experience, the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, a 500 MWe Sodium cooled fast reactor is being built at a cost of INR 5,677 crores (~US$900 million). [5]:Abstract[6], The Drosophila genome is subject to a high degree of selection, especially unusually widespread negative selection compared to other taxa. [3] This is supported by the finding of toxic elements at almost twice the concentration in tulsi leaves grown in polluted compared with unpolluted areas. Back then, studying and opening cadavers is a punishable crime. There is also the implicit assumption in such experiments that the plants have not been exposed to any stress prior to the start of the experiment. Other notable approaches include the Stable Salt Reactor (SSR) concept, which encases the molten salt in the well-established fuel rods of conventional reactors. Tabassum I, Siddiqui ZN, Rizvi SJ. Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of fatty acids of. plutonium and americium) is below the consumption rate, thus reducing the nuclear storage problem, without the nuclear proliferation concerns and other technical issues associated with a fast reactor. Who knows, one day, you will join the ranks of world changers with your experimental research report. The larvae of at least one species, D. suzukii, can also feed in fresh fruit and can sometimes be a pest. Dahiya K, Sethi J, Dhankhar R, Singh V, Singh SB, Yadav M, et al. This has been highlighted in a recent United Nations document titled Wake Up Before It's Too Late, which calls for the global community to endorse and advocate for local solutions to toxicity, food insecurity and poverty, such as the use of organic and small-scale farming over the use of genetically modified organisms and monocultures. These endosymbionts can act as reproductive manipulators, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Wolbachia or male-killing induced by the D. melanogaster Spiroplasma poulsonii (named MSRO). Shah K, Verma RJ. The fuel gradually proceeds through the reactor,. As has been stated already, chlorophyll fluorescence gives information about the state of Photosystem II. When the eyes (essentially a film of lenses) are removed, the brain is revealed. As such, it does not necessarily apply under other conditions, especially where the plant is exposed to stress and where significant amounts of photoinhibition may occur. Valentini R, Epron D, De Angelis P, Matteucci G, Dreyer E. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. GE Hitachi's PRISM reactor is a modernized and commercial implementation of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), developed by Argonne National Laboratory between 1984 and 1994. For example, sophisticated Asian tea ceremonies involve a whole set of rituals, tools and gestures that serve to transcend normal consciousness, while in the west the ritual of afternoon tea or high tea emphasizes the surroundings, equipment, manners and social circle. While the concept of an adaptogen, or herb that helps with the adaptation to stress and the promotion of homeostasis, is not widely used in Western medicine, Western science has revealed that tulsi does indeed possess many pharmacological actions that fulfill this purpose. Advanced Sodium Technical Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID) was a sodium-cooled fast reactor,[35] that was cancelled in August 2019.[36]. [3][4], The very-high-temperature reactor designs operate at much higher temperatures than prior generations. Pavlov conditioned a dog to expect food when a bell was rung. Chandra R, Dwivedi V, Shivam K, Jha AK. [8], The 36th GIF meeting in Brussels was held in November 2013. Kath RK, Gupta RK. Experimental research is a causal investigation into the cause-effect relationships by manipulating all other factors.You may also see Student Research examples & samples. Viability: test basic concepts under relevant conditions; identify and resolve all "potential technical show-stoppers"; Performance: verify and optimise "engineering-scale processes, phenomena and materials capabilities" under prototypical conditions; Demonstration: complete and license the detailed design and carry out construction and operation of prototype or demonstration systems. Controlled programmed trial of. For some, it can be done with particular recipes for rearing media, or by introducing chemicals such as sterols that are found in the natural host; for others, it is (so far) impossible. It can tell you the extent to which PSII is using the energy absorbed by chlorophyll and the extent to which it is being damaged by excess light. To solve a problem, you need to define what it is first. Antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of ocimum sanctum in animal models of peptic ulcer. The discussion above has covered theoretical and technical considerations about chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Ayurveda's use of medicinal and culinary herbs draws upon India's incredible biodiversity with a variety that is unsurpassed by any medical system; yet, of all the herbs used, none has a status comparable to tulsi or holy basil (Ocimum sanctum). [10] Most species breed in various kinds of decaying plant and fungal material, including fruit, bark, slime fluxes, flowers, and mushrooms. The net production rate of transuranic elements (e.g. Visualisation of document relationships. Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum L after high-dose 131iodine exposure in mice: An. In 2012, as part of its next generation nuclear plant competition, Idaho National Laboratory approved a design similar to Areva's prismatic block Antares reactor to be deployed as a prototype by 2021. Carica papaya fruits consist mostly of water and carbohydrate, low in calories and rich in natural vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamins A and C, ascorbic acid and potassium [4]. [28][29] Post copulatory strategies include sperm competition, mating frequency, and sex-ratio meiotic drive. The 20 MWe EBR II operated for over thirty years at Idaho National Laboratory, and was shut down in 1994. WebSearch, browse and learn about the Federal Register. The European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative is funding a 100 MWt LFR, an accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor called MYRRHA. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the capacity of antioxidation systems, implying that the leaves were suffering from oxidative stress at this time. 8600 Rockville Pike These luring songs are sinusoidal in nature and varies within and between species. Nayak V, Devi PU. Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. In contrast, responses of slowgrowing epiphytic bromeliads with a low photosynthetic capacity were dominated by extremely high levels of NPQ and minimal light use (Griffiths and Maxwell, 1999).
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